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Nicolai Anhorn von Hartwiss (Николай Андерс фон Хартвис;〔ru.wikipedia.org/.../Список_ботаников_по_их_сокращениям Scientific abbreviations in botany〕 1793–1860) was a Livonian-born Russian botanist, plant explorer and plant breeder. ==Life== Von Hartwiss was born Nikolaus Ernst Bartholomäus Anhorn von Hartwiss in 1793 at his father's estate at Kokenhof near Wolmar, Livonia (now Valmiera, Latvia). The family Anhorn von Hartwiss (double name) comes from Switzerland. His grandfather Silvester Samuel (1708–1782) descended from Swiss Protestant pastors and emigrated to Russia. His father, Heinrich Ernst was a registered member of the Livonian nobility (reg. 1769). He married his first cousin Christina Louisa. Nikolaus was their tenth child. By that time Livonia (roughly present day Latvia and the southern part of Estonia) had been absorbed (under the Governorate of Livonia) into the Russian Empire, but the nobility still retained its ancient Baltic German forms and spoke Low German.〔 Especially the chapter "Litva".〕 Nikolaus was educated at German-speaking Dorpat (now Tartu) university (1809-1812), where his studies were interrupted by Napoleon.〔〔 He was an officer of the Russian Army in the Napoleonic Wars 1812–1818, discharged with wounds.〔 This implies that he was (and remained) a subject of the Tsar, not in any sense a Russian citizen.〔 Von Hartwiss at one time gained practical gardening experience laying out fields of flowers, fruit trees and both exotic and domestic trees on his father's estate.〔 In 1819–1824 he lived in Riga, gardening and fruit growing, with a collection of 500 varieties of fruit trees and roses.〔 In 1824 he was appointed by Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, governor-general of New Russia, to the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden at Nikita in Yalta on the south coast of the Crimea. In 1827 he became its second director, which he remained until he died. He extended the Garden's collection of plant varieties from more than a thousand to about three thousand, including the largest collection of fruit varieties in Europe.〔 From Nikita he organised plant hunting expeditions into the surrounding territories, especially the Crimea and Abkhazia in the Caucasus.〔〔 He and his first wife, Elizabeth Feodorovna Baroness von Rosen, had a 500-acre estate called Artek near Bear Mountain (Ayu-Dag) in the Crimea. After the death of his first wife in 1855 he married a young girl from Riga in Simferopol on 2 Feb. 1858, Leontine Werther, who died at the end of the same year giving birth to a daughter.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nicolai Anders von Hartwiss」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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